Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Enrichment of CD7<sup>+</sup>CXCR3<sup>+</sup> CAR T-cells in infusion products is associated with durable remission in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2025

Same author

Ectopic FOXP3 Expression Preserves Primitive Features Of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells While Impairing Functional T Cell Differentiation.

Scientific reports·2017

Same author

Shedding of clinical-grade lentiviral vectors is not detected in a gene therapy setting.

Gene therapy·2015

Same author

Post-natal cardiomyocytes can generate iPS cells with an enhanced capacity toward cardiomyogenic re-differentation.

Cell death and differentiation·2012

Same author

MicroRNA-150-regulated vectors allow lymphocyte-sparing transgene expression in hematopoietic gene therapy.

Gene therapy·2011

Same author

Genomic instability in induced stem cells.

Cell death and differentiation·2011

Same journal

Corrigendum.

Tissue antigens·2015

Same journal

Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update September 2015.

Tissue antigens·2015

Same journal

Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update August 2015.

Tissue antigens·2015

Same journal

Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, update July 2015.

Tissue antigens·2015

Same journal

Four amino acid exchanges located in the alpha-2 domain specify the novel HLA-B*50:20 allele.

Tissue antigens·2015

Same journal

A novel HLA-A02 variant, HLA-A02:575, detected in a Taiwanese bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell donor.

Tissue antigens·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Exploiting microRNA regulation for genetic engineering.

B Gentner¹, L Naldini

¹San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. gentner.bernhard@hsr.it

Tissue Antigens

|October 2, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) offers novel gene regulation strategies. Researchers can now control exogenous gene expression using endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs), expanding applications in basic science and gene therapy.

More Related Videos

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Gene Regulation
Biotechnology

Background:

RNA interference (RNAi) is a key biological process.
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) typically silence endogenous gene expression.
Endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) offer a unique regulatory mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the reverse application of RNAi using endogenous miRNAs.
To discuss the use of miRNA target sequences for regulating exogenous gene expression.
To highlight the expanded potential of gene transfer vectors.

Main Methods:

Reviewing the technical basis of miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
Analyzing the application of miRNA-regulated vectors in research.
Discussing the use of miRNA-regulated viruses in gene and virotherapy.

Main Results:

Exogenous gene expression can be modulated by endogenous miRNA activity.
miRNA activity is specific to tissue, lineage, activation, and differentiation stages.
This approach significantly broadens the regulatory capabilities of gene transfer systems.

Conclusions:

Exploiting endogenous miRNAs provides a powerful tool for gene regulation.
miRNA-regulated vectors enhance possibilities in basic research and therapeutic applications.
This strategy represents a significant advancement in gene transfer technology.