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Falling among the sensorially impaired elderly.

J S Tobis1, M Block, C Steinhaus-Donham

  • 1Department of PM&R, University of California Irvine, Orange 92668.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Elderly individuals who are blind experience a higher fall rate but show less age-related increase in falls. This suggests sensory feedback impacts fall frequency in aging populations.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Sensory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Accidental falls in the elderly lead to significant morbidity and healthcare costs.
  • Aging alters sensory feedback, potentially increasing fall risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how sensory feedback (neuromuscular vs. visual-perceptual) influences fall frequency in aging.
  • To test the hypothesis that sensory impairments (blindness, deafness) alter age-related changes in falling.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of fall rates across different age groups and sensory abilities (sighted, deaf, blind).
  • Examination of age-related changes in fall frequency stratified by sensory status.

Main Results:

  • Blind individuals exhibited a higher overall fall rate compared to deaf and sighted elderly.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Unlike sighted and deaf groups, the elderly blind did not show an increased fall rate with advanced age.
  • Deaf individuals showed a similar age-related increase in falls as the sighted elderly.

    • Conclusions:

    • Sensory feedback plays a critical role in maintaining balance and preventing falls in the elderly.
    • The findings suggest distinct compensatory mechanisms and age-related changes in fall risk based on sensory modality.
    • Interventions could involve enhancing visual feedback training for the non-impaired and deaf elderly, and musculoskeletal feedback/strength training for the blind elderly to reduce fall frequency.