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Identification of stock components using morphological markers.

B J McAdam1, T B Grabowski, G Marteinsdóttir

  • 1Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.

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Morphological traits in Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua) can help distinguish between fish of different sexes and behaviors. However, these visual markers are less effective at differentiating geographically distinct populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Fisheries Science
  • Quantitative Morphology

Background:

  • Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua) populations exhibit genetic structure, with distinct northern and southern components.
  • Sympatric spawning occurs between different behavioral types within Icelandic cod populations.
  • Understanding stock structure is crucial for effective fisheries management and conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative method for distinguishing Icelandic cod stock components using morphology.
  • To investigate correlations between morphological traits, geographic location, genotype, and sex.
  • To assess the utility of morphology in differentiating sympatric genotypes versus geographic sub-populations.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of morphological markers on the head, fins, and body of Gadus morhua.
  • Testing for differences in morphology based on geographic location (north vs. south Iceland).
  • Examining morphological variations related to genotype at the pantophysin (pan-I) locus (a proxy for behavior) and sex.

Main Results:

  • Morphological markers on the head, fins, and body were found to be correlated with sex, genotype, and capture location.
  • Females exhibited relatively deeper body morphology.
  • The pan-I(BB) genotype, linked to deep-water feeding, was associated with greater gaps between fins.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological traits are more effective for distinguishing sympatric cod genotypes than genetically distinct geographic sub-populations.
  • Counter-gradient evolution may reduce phenotypic differences, limiting the power of morphology for geographic stock identification.
  • Quantitative morphology offers insights into the complex structure of Icelandic cod populations.