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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

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Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

TRPA1: A gatekeeper for inflammation.

Diana M Bautista1, Maurizio Pellegrino, Makoto Tsunozaki

  • 1Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. dbautista@berkeley.edu

Annual Review of Physiology
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation, a natural healing process, can become chronic, leading to diseases. TRPA1 channels are key in detecting and causing inflammation, contributing to chronic inflammatory disorders.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Tissue damage triggers an inflammatory response essential for healing.
  • Chronic inflammation, however, can cause diseases like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and colitis.
  • Primary afferent sensory neurons release neuropeptides that promote inflammation and hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TRPA1 channels in neuronal and non-neuronal inflammatory processes.
  • To understand how TRPA1 channels contribute to chronic inflammatory disorders.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the function of TRPA1 channels in sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells.
  • Investigated TRPA1's role in neuropeptide release, neuronal excitation, and inflammatory agent detection.

Main Results:

  • TRPA1 channels are essential for neuronal excitation and the release of inflammatory neuropeptides.
  • TRPA1 channels are activated by inflammatory agents released from injured tissues.
  • This dual role positions TRPA1 as a critical factor in chronic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • TRPA1 channels act as a crucial link between tissue damage and the inflammatory response.
  • TRPA1 channels are identified as a gatekeeper for chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the skin, airways, and gut.