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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Prefrontal cortex function in remitted major depressive disorder.

N L Nixon1, P F Liddle, G Worwood

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, The Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. neil.nixon@nottingham.ac.uk

Psychological Medicine
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to reduced activity in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). This hypoactivity may increase vulnerability to MDD recurrence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) models implicate the rostral anterior cingulate (rACC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in cognitive-affective dysregulation.
  • Aberrant neural activity in these regions may predict relapse risk in remitted MDD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess functional activity in the rACC and dmPFC in patients with MDD vulnerability.
  • To compare neural activity between remitted high-risk patients, those experiencing recurrence, and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired T2*-weighted BOLD contrast images during a Go/No-Go task with negative feedback.
  • Analyzed blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast data for error commission (EC) and visual negative feedback (VNF).
  • Utilized region of interest (ROI) analysis focusing on rACC and dmPFC coordinates.

Main Results:

  • Patients with MDD showed significant right dmPFC (BA 9) hypoactivity during both EC and VNF compared to controls.
  • Significant rACC (BA 32) hypoactivity was observed during EC in MDD patients.
  • Preliminary follow-up suggested persistent right dmPFC hypoactivity associated with 1-year recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Convergent hypoactivity in the right dmPFC (BA 9) during VNF and EC processing is linked to MDD vulnerability.
  • This hypoactivity may impair adaptive reappraisal of negative experiences.
  • Findings support the role of dmPFC and rACC dysfunction in MDD and recurrence risk.