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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[Cutaneous atrophy and hypopigmentation secondary to intra-articular corticosteroid injection].

Semergen·2013
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

[Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency].

J Rodríguez Virgili1, A A Cabal García

  • 1Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Cabañaquinta, Oviedo, España.

Semergen
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) results from low glucocorticoid production. Exogenous steroids, particularly oral and topical, are a common cause, with secondary AI being more prevalent than primary AI.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is characterized by insufficient production or secretion of glucocorticoids.
  • Primary and secondary AI have different etiologies, with secondary AI being more common.
  • Exogenous steroid use, both oral and topical, is a significant cause of AI.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the prevalence and causes of adrenal insufficiency.
  • To emphasize the role of exogenous steroids as a leading cause of AI.
  • To raise awareness regarding topical steroid-induced AI.

Summary:

  • Adrenal insufficiency arises from a deficit in glucocorticoid production or secretion.
  • Secondary adrenal insufficiency is more prevalent than primary AI.
  • Exogenous steroid use, including oral and less commonly topical forms, is a major etiological factor.

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Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
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Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

Impact:

  • Increased awareness of exogenous steroid-induced AI, especially from topical applications.
  • Improved patient monitoring for AI in individuals using long-term or high-potency topical steroids.
  • Potential for earlier diagnosis and management of AI, reducing morbidity.