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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

A validated regulatory network for Th17 cell specification.

Maria Ciofani1, Aviv Madar, Carolina Galan

  • 1Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Cell
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped the regulatory network controlling T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation. This reveals key transcription factors like RORγt and BATF, offering new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Retroviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Targeting for the Study of Th17 Differentiation in Vitro
12:08

Retroviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Targeting for the Study of Th17 Differentiation in Vitro

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for mucosal immunity but also implicated in inflammatory diseases.
  • Th17 cell differentiation is orchestrated by a complex interplay of transcription factors (TFs), including RORγt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the global transcriptional regulatory network governing Th17 cell differentiation.
  • To identify novel regulators and understand the hierarchical roles of key TFs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an iterative systems biology approach combining genome-wide TF occupancy, TF mutant expression profiling, and time-series expression data.
  • Integrated multiple datasets to build and validate a predictive model of the Th17 regulatory network.

Main Results:

  • Identified BATF and IRF4 as critical for initial chromatin accessibility and transcriptional initiation.
  • Demonstrated that RORγt plays a focal, deterministic role in globally tuning the Th17 transcriptional program.
  • Discovered new Th17 regulators, including Fosl2, highlighting its role in cellular plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a comprehensive map of the Th17 transcriptional regulatory network.
  • The validated predictive model offers insights into TF cooperation and hierarchical control.
  • Identified regulators and network dynamics provide a foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies for Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases.