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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...

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Wholemount In Situ Hybridization for Astyanax Embryos
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Autotaxin in embryonic development.

Wouter H Moolenaar1, Anna J S Houben, Shyh-Jye Lee

  • 1Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. w.moolenaar@nki.nl

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autotaxin (ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling are crucial for embryonic development, regulating vascular and neural formation. Disruption leads to embryonic death and developmental defects, highlighting ATX-LPA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme generating lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a key lipid mediator.
  • LPA exerts its functions by signaling through six distinct G protein-coupled receptors.
  • The ATX-LPA signaling pathway is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of the ATX-LPA signaling axis in vertebrate embryonic development.
  • To discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying ATX-LPA's functions in vascular and neural development.
  • To highlight findings from mouse and zebrafish models regarding ATX-LPA signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene knockout mouse models (Enpp2-/-) to assess embryonic lethality and developmental defects.
  • Investigation of vascular and neural development in ATX-deficient embryos.
  • Review of zebrafish studies examining ATX-LPA roles in development and asymmetry.

Main Results:

  • Enpp2-/- mouse embryos exhibit intrauterine death due to severe vascular defects in the yolk sac and embryo proper.
  • Impaired neural development is observed in Enpp2-/- embryos.
  • ATX-LPA signaling is essential for angiogenesis via the RhoA-ROCK pathway and plays a role in left-right asymmetry in zebrafish.

Conclusions:

  • The ATX-LPA signaling pathway is indispensable for proper embryonic development, particularly in vascular and neural systems.
  • Dysregulation of ATX-LPA signaling leads to significant developmental abnormalities and embryonic lethality.
  • Further research into ATX-LPA signaling holds promise for understanding and treating developmental disorders.