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Related Concept Videos

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
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A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes

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[Phosphate sensing and osteocyte].

Toshimi Michigami1

  • 1Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Osteocytes produce FGF23, a hormone crucial for phosphate regulation in hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets. This study explores how osteocytes sense and respond to phosphate levels, impacting rickets development.

Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Mineral Metabolism

Background:

  • Osteocytes are key cells in bone that express molecules involved in hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets, including FGF23, DMP1, and PHEX.
  • Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) reduces phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D activation in the kidneys.
  • DMP1 and PHEX are hypothesized to negatively regulate FGF23 expression, but the mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of osteocytes in regulating FGF23 production.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which DMP1 and PHEX influence FGF23 levels.
  • To understand how osteocytes sense extracellular phosphate (Pi) levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene and protein expression in osteocytes.
  • Investigating signaling pathways involved in phosphate sensing.

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IDG-SW3 Cell Culture in a Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrix

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  • In vivo and in vitro studies using genetic models.

    • Main Results:

    • Osteocytes express FGF23, DMP1, and PHEX, implicating them in phosphate homeostasis.
    • Evidence suggests DMP1 and PHEX modulate FGF23 production.
    • Osteocytes may possess mechanisms to detect and respond to extracellular phosphate concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Osteocytes play a central role in phosphate regulation through FGF23 production.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of DMP1 and PHEX in FGF23 regulation.
    • Understanding osteocyte phosphate sensing is critical for managing hypophosphatemic rickets.