Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genome near-haploidization in CDC73-wildtype parathyroid tumors.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Follow-up associations between social support, physical activity and Mediterranean diet adherence in a digital intervention study: The CREDITS4HEALTH trial.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2026
Same author

Clinical and genetic insights into Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia type 1: a single-center case series including genotype-phenotype correlations, pregnancy outcomes, and novel CASR variants.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same author

Cone Beam Computed Tomography of Bonejaws in Patients With Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review.

Current osteoporosis reports·2026
Same author

Gender differences in long-term complications of chronic hypoparathyroidism: a systematic review.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same author

Management of patients with hypoparathyroidism: a Delphi consensus analysis.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same journal

Restricted cubic spline analysis of treatment duration before tocilizumab withdrawal and relapse risk in rheumatoid arthritis.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease·2026
Same journal

Temporal trends and future projections of hand osteoarthritis burden in China from 1990 to 2021.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease·2026
Same journal

Mapping emotional function in fibromyalgia: integrating alexithymia, pain catastrophizing, and self-compassion.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease·2026
Same journal

Association of an app-based intervention with improvements in mobility, trunk muscle strength and patient-reported disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis: a 24-week pre-post study.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease·2026
Same journal

Precision imaging biomarkers for gout: artifact-specific spectral CT parameters for personalized differentiation of tophi in a prospective study.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease·2026
Same journal

Precision medicine in systemic sclerosis: back to the bedside.

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Bone disease in primary hyperparathyrodism.

Claudio Marcocci1, Luisella Cianferotti, Filomena Cetani

  • 1Section of Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) causes bone loss, but parathyroidectomy (PTx) improves bone mineral density (BMD), especially in trabecular bone. Bisphosphonates offer an alternative for patients not undergoing PTx.

Keywords:
bisphosphonatesbone markersbone mineral densitycalcimimeticshistomorphometryosteitis fibrosa cysticaparathyroid hormoneparathyroidectomy

More Related Videos

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Skeletal Health

Background:

  • Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often mild, but can lead to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk.
  • Excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) accelerates bone turnover, causing bone loss, particularly in cortical bone, while cancellous bone shows relative preservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of parathyroidectomy (PTx) and medical treatments on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).
  • To assess the impact of restoring normal PTH levels on bone turnover and BMD post-PTx.
  • To compare the efficacy of bisphosphonates and cinacalcet in managing low BMD in PHPT.

Main Methods:

  • Review of bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) changes following parathyroidectomy (PTx).
  • Analysis of histomorphometry and advanced imaging techniques to assess bone changes.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data for bisphosphonate (alendronate) and cinacalcet treatment in PHPT patients.

Main Results:

  • Parathyroidectomy (PTx) leads to rapid increases in BMD at trabecular sites (spine, hip) within 6-12 months, with slower gains in cortical bone.
  • Bisphosphonate treatment (alendronate) increased BMD at the lumbar spine and hip but not the distal radius.
  • Cinacalcet reduced serum calcium but did not significantly alter BMD in treated patients.

Conclusions:

  • Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is an effective treatment for improving bone mineral density (BMD) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), particularly in trabecular bone.
  • Bisphosphonates can be considered for patients with low BMD who are not candidates for PTx.
  • Further research is needed to definitively establish the impact of PTx on fracture risk.