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Related Experiment Video

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Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
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Characterization of a 3D optrode array for infrared neural stimulation.

T V F Abaya1, M Diwekar, S Blair

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.

Biomedical Optics Express
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The Utah Slant Optrode Array (USOA) delivers infrared light deep into tissue using silicon optrodes. Optimized coupling and optrode design achieved 34.7% transmittance, with future work targeting over 64% efficiency.

Keywords:
(170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation(220.4610) Optical fabrication(230.7380) Waveguides, channeled(260.3060) Infrared

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Deep tissue optical delivery is crucial for various medical applications.
  • Silicon optrodes offer a potential platform for precise light delivery.
  • Characterizing light transmission losses is essential for optimizing optrode performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the Utah Slant Optrode Array (USOA) for deep tissue infrared light delivery.
  • To identify and quantify light loss mechanisms within silicon optrodes.
  • To optimize optrode design and fiber coupling for maximum light transmittance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 10x10 silicon optrode arrays with varying lengths (0.5-1.5 mm) on a 400-μm pitch.
  • Characterization of light delivery from optical fibers, including loss mechanisms (Fresnel reflection, coupling, radiation, total internal reflection).
  • Investigation of transmission efficiency using different optical fiber core diameters and coupling interfaces at λ = 1.55 μm.

Main Results:

  • Primary loss mechanisms identified as Fresnel reflection, coupling, radiation, and total internal reflection.
  • Highest optrode transmittance of 34.7% achieved with a 50-μm multi-mode fiber and a 1.66 refractive index coupling medium.
  • Optimal fiber core diameters for maximum power delivery were 200 μm or less.
  • Longer, less tapered optrodes demonstrated higher light transmission efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The USOA is a viable platform for deep tissue light delivery.
  • Optimized fiber coupling and optrode geometry significantly enhance light transmittance.
  • Further improvements are expected to exceed 64% efficiency in future iterations.