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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Published on: August 29, 2018

Context-dependent control over attentional capture.

Joshua D Cosman1, Shaun P Vecera

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817, USA. joshua.d.cosman@vanderbilt.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|October 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contextual learning automatically influences attentional set, impacting how we focus. This research shows background scenes can prime specific attentional sets, affecting attention capture and distraction.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Attention Studies

Background:

  • Attentional set, a voluntary process, guides attention based on task priorities.
  • Theories suggest goal-directed control can operate automatically via long-term task representations.
  • Previous research indicates attentional set influences salient item capture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if long-term contextual learning can automatically influence attentional set instantiation.
  • To determine if learned associations between background scenes and attentional sets impact attention capture.
  • To explore the role of contextual memory in overcoming distraction.

Main Methods:

  • Observers trained to associate specific attentional sets with background scenes.
  • Test session involved reinstating learned background scenes on a trial-by-trial basis.
  • Measured the influence of scene reinstatement on attentional set instantiation and attentional capture magnitude.

Main Results:

  • Reinstating specific background scenes automatically biased observers to adopt the associated attentional set.
  • This contextual priming significantly influenced the magnitude of attentional capture.
  • Evidence supports the rapid and automatic influence of contextual learning on attentional set.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term contextual learning can rapidly and automatically shape attentional set.
  • Memory for task context plays a crucial role in attentional control and resisting distraction.
  • Automatic contextual influences on attentional set have implications for understanding attention and automaticity.