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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

Overview
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

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Metabolomics explained to perinatologists and pediatricians.

Luigi Atzori1, Luigi Barberini, Maria Laura Santoru

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. latzori@unica.it

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|October 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Metabolomics involves studying all small molecules in biological systems. Proper study design, equipment knowledge, statistical analysis, and result validation are crucial for reliable metabolomics research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Metabolomics systematically analyzes the complete set of low-molecular weight compounds in biological samples.
  • These compounds include endogenous and exogenous sugars, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and secondary metabolites.
  • Understanding the metabolome provides insights into cellular and organismal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential components for successful metabolomics research.
  • To guide researchers in planning and executing metabolomics studies effectively.
  • To prevent unrealistic expectations by emphasizing critical methodological aspects.

Main Methods:

  • The review focuses on the principles and requirements for metabolomics studies.
  • Key areas discussed include study design, equipment considerations, statistical analysis, and result validation.
  • This is a short review of established practices in the field.

Main Results:

  • Successful metabolomics requires a well-defined study question and appropriate experimental design.
  • Knowledge of available equipment and its capabilities is essential.
  • Rigorous statistical analysis and validation of findings are critical for data integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomics offers a powerful approach to understanding biological systems.
  • Adherence to methodological rigor, including planning, execution, and analysis, is paramount for generating meaningful and reproducible results.
  • Careful consideration of these factors ensures the reliability and validity of metabolomics data.