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Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

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Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Esophageal reconstruction with alternative conduits.

Jenifer L Marks¹, Wayne L Hofstetter

¹Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4008, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|October 3, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

When the stomach is unavailable for esophageal replacement, the jejunum or colon serve as alternative conduits. A detailed patient history is crucial for selecting the best option for reconstruction.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Surgical Reconstruction
Esophageal Surgery

Background:

Esophageal replacement necessitates alternative conduits when the stomach is unsuitable.
Commonly, the jejunum or colon are utilized for esophageal conduit creation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the utility of alternative conduits for esophageal replacement.
To highlight the jejunum and colon as primary options when the stomach cannot be used.

Main Methods:

Review of established surgical techniques for esophageal replacement.
Analysis of patient history factors influencing conduit selection (e.g., prior abdominal surgeries, inflammatory bowel disease).

Main Results:

The jejunum is frequently disease-free and offers sufficient length for esophageal replacement, with length limitations largely overcome.
Colonic conduits also provide adequate length for reconstruction reaching the neck.

Conclusions:

Jejunal and colonic conduits are viable alternatives for esophageal replacement.
Careful patient assessment is essential to determine the most appropriate conduit choice.