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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
10:10

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Shoulder dislocation in the older patient.

Anand M Murthi1, Miguel A Ramirez

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|October 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults experiencing shoulder dislocations have a lower risk of recurrence but a higher risk of associated rotator cuff tears or nerve injuries. Prompt evaluation for rotator cuff pathology is crucial for persistent pain after dislocation.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Shoulder dislocations are common in older adults, representing approximately 20% of all cases.
  • While older patients have a lower recurrence rate of shoulder dislocations compared to younger individuals, they are more susceptible to associated injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased likelihood of rotator cuff tears, axillary nerve injuries, and brachial plexus injuries in older patients following shoulder dislocation.
  • To emphasize the importance of evaluating persistent shoulder pain and dysfunction in this demographic for underlying rotator cuff pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of shoulder dislocation cases in patients over 60 years old.
  • Comparison of injury patterns and recurrence rates between older and younger patient cohorts.
  • Review of diagnostic approaches for associated injuries, particularly rotator cuff tears and nerve palsies.

Main Results:

  • Rotator cuff tears are significantly more prevalent than nerve palsies in older adults post-dislocation.
  • Rotator cuff tears can be misdiagnosed as nerve palsies, leading to delayed or incorrect treatment.
  • Persistent shoulder pain and dysfunction in older patients frequently indicate undiagnosed rotator cuff pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Shoulder dislocations in older adults, while less prone to recurrence, carry a substantial risk of associated injuries, primarily rotator cuff tears.
  • Thorough clinical evaluation is essential to identify rotator cuff pathology in older patients presenting with persistent shoulder pain and dysfunction after dislocation.
  • Missed diagnosis of rotator cuff tears in this population can lead to chronic pain and functional deficits.