Insights into cell division using Listeria monocytogenes infections of PtK2 renal epithelial cells

The assembly of actin into a cleavage furrow is accompanied by disassembly of the interphase actin cytoskeleton. A variation of this actin filament disassembly/assembly cycle is seen during cell division in PtK2 cells infected with the intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, where F-actin associates with the bacteria either as a halo surrounding nonmoving bacteria, or as an array of filaments that encases the sides of moving baceteria and extends behind them like a tail. The moving Listeria are found both in the cytoplasm and in the distal ends of undulating filopodia. When infected cells enter mitosis, the distribution of moving and stationary bacteria changes. In the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a decrease in the number of bacteria with tails of actin in the cytoplasm. The nonmoving bacteria surrounded with F-actin are excluded from the mitotic spindle and moving bacteria are seldom seen in the cytoplasm during mitosis, although small thin filopodia cluster at the edges of the cells. After completion of cytokinesis, strong tail reformation first becomes obvious in the filopodia with Listeria moving back into the cytoplasm as the daughter cells spread. In summary, the disassembly and reassembly of actin tails extending from Listeria in dividing cells is a variation of the changes in actin organization produced by stress fiber and myofibril disassembly/assembly cycles during cell division. We suggest that the same unknown factors that regulate the disassembly/assembly of stress fibers and myofibrils during mitosis and post cytokinesis also affect the movement of Listeria inside mitotic cells.