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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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Published on: March 24, 2015

Genome-wide expression profiling identifies type 1 interferon response pathways in active tuberculosis.

Tom H M Ottenhoff1, Ranjeeta Hari Dass, Ninghan Yang

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. t.h.m.ottenhoff@lumc.nl

Plos One
|October 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis (TB) involves specific gene expression signatures, including type-1 interferon signaling, during active infection. These signatures normalize with treatment, suggesting interferon pathways can monitor active TB disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is a leading infectious cause of death globally.
  • Understanding host response dynamics and protective mechanisms against M.tb infection is crucial but incomplete.
  • Latent M.tb infection affects over 2 billion individuals, posing a risk for future TB reactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate host gene expression profiles during active TB, treatment, and post-treatment.
  • To identify molecular signatures associated with active TB disease.
  • To explore the potential of these signatures as biomarkers for monitoring TB.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome expression profiling of TB patients longitudinally across three time-points.
  • Analysis of neutrophil-depleted blood samples to assess lymphocyte and myeloid cell contributions.
  • Validation in mouse models and human macrophages infected with M.tb.

Main Results:

  • Identified molecular signatures with upregulated type-1 interferon (IFN-α/β) signaling and chronic inflammation in active TB patients.
  • Observed normalization of these gene expression signatures during TB treatment, with concurrent opposite regulation of interferon-gamma.
  • Confirmed type-1 IFN gene upregulation in M.tb infected mouse lungs and human macrophages.
  • Identified IL15RA, UBE2L6, and GBP4 as key molecules in the type-I interferon response across models.

Conclusions:

  • The innate immune type-I interferon signaling cascade shows potential as a quantitative tool for monitoring active TB disease.
  • Blood gene expression signatures in TB patients share similarities with pulmonary and macrophage responses to M.tb infection.
  • This study provides insights into host-pathogen interactions and potential biomarkers for TB management.