Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Variability: Analysis

Variability: Analysis

Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...

Prediction Intervals

Prediction Intervals

The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.
The...

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical significance of lower admission amylase levels as an indicator of medical management in pancreatic trauma with AAST grade I injury.

Surgery today·2026

Same author

SMYD2 regulates lymph node metastasis derived from intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma through CCR7-dependent chemotaxis.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Impact of SETD8/KMT5A overexpression on hepatocellular carcinoma progression and prognosis.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Continuous glucose monitoring reveals distinct clinical implications of glucose levels at the start and end of hemodialysis in people with type 2 diabetes.

BMC endocrine disorders·2026

Same author

Plasma Cell Granuloma Mimicking Plasmacytoma Illustrated by <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography.

Hematology reports·2026

Same author

Discordance Between HbA1c and Glucose Management Indicator in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With SGLT2 Inhibitors.

Journal of diabetes science and technology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

New indices for predicting glycaemic variability.

Akifumi Ogawa¹, Akinori Hayashi, Eriko Kishihara

¹Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan.

|October 3, 2012

Summary

New blood tests can predict dangerous blood sugar swings in diabetics. The glycated albumin to HbA1c (GA/A1c) ratio and fasting C-peptide to glucose (FCPR) index identify patients needing closer monitoring for hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia.

More Related Videos

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Diseases
Clinical Chemistry

Background:

Blood glucose variability is linked to severe long-term diabetic complications.
Accurate prediction of hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic events is crucial for patient management.
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides glycaemic standard deviation (SD) but requires specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel laboratory-based indices for predicting glycaemic variability.
To assess the predictive value of the glycated albumin (GA) to HbA1c (GA/A1c) ratio and the fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity (FCPR) to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ratio (FCPR index).
To correlate these new indices with established measures of glycaemic variability.

Main Methods:

Development of the GA/A1c ratio and FCPR index from single blood draws.
Assessment of predictive values in 100 adult patients with diabetes.
Correlation analysis between new indices, glycaemic standard deviation (SD) from CGM, and nine existing variability formulas.

Main Results:

The GA/A1c ratio and FCPR index demonstrated strong associations with glycaemic SD and other variability measures.
High GA/A1c ratio (≥ 2.8) combined with a low FCPR index (<3.0) indicated the highest glycaemic variability and longest hypoglycaemic durations.
Low GA/A1c ratio (<2.8) and high FCPR index (≥ 3.0) were associated with lower variability and minimal hypoglycaemia.
These findings were consistent across different diabetes types.

Conclusions:

The GA/A1c ratio and FCPR index are reliable predictors of glycaemic excursions, calculable from standard laboratory tests.
These indices can identify diabetic patients at higher risk for significant glycaemic variability and hypoglycaemia.
Simultaneous measurement of GA, HbA1c, FPG, and FCPR aids in risk stratification and guides closer patient monitoring.