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Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence its...

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Patch Clamp

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Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
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In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Open source drug discovery in practice: a case study.

Christine Årdal¹, John-Arne Røttingen

¹Section for Global Health, The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway. cha@nokc.no

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases

|October 3, 2012

Summary

Open source drug discovery and crowdsourcing enable high-quality, low-cost research for neglected diseases. Key factors for success include clear entry points, transparency, and adequate funding for material costs.

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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Biosensor-based High Throughput Biopanning and Bioinformatics Analysis Strategy for the Global Validation of Drug-protein Interactions

Biosensor-based High Throughput Biopanning and Bioinformatics Analysis Strategy for the Global Validation of Drug-protein Interactions

Published on: December 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical R&D
Open Science
Neglected Diseases

Background:

Open source drug discovery leverages collaboration and open access principles from computing for pharmaceutical innovation.
This approach aims to increase research capacity for developing affordable drugs for diseases affecting impoverished populations.
Few open source R&D projects currently focus on neglected diseases, necessitating study of early initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the practical implementation and outcomes of open source R&D models in drug discovery.
To identify successes and failures of pioneering projects in neglected diseases.
To understand how theoretical open source concepts translate into real-world drug development.

Main Methods:

A descriptive case study design was employed.
Two projects were evaluated: CSIR Open Source Drug Discovery (CSIR OSDD) and The Synaptic Leap's Schistosomiasis project (TSLS).
Data collection involved interviews (n=14), surveys (n=61), website analysis, and literature review.

Main Results:

Both CSIR OSDD and TSLS achieved significant results through distinct approaches.
CSIR OSDD, while encouraging international collaboration, primarily involved Indian researchers with formal, mentor-reviewed processes.
TSLS attracted fewer international contributors but released all results into the public domain, contrasting with CSIR OSDD's ownership assertion.

Conclusions:

TSLS functions as a true open source project, while CSIR OSDD operates as a crowdsourced initiative.
Both models successfully facilitated high-quality, cost-effective research.
Critical success factors identified include well-defined entry points, transparency, and funding for essential material costs.