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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Estimation of the Physical Quantities01:05

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
The Entropy as a State Function01:14

The Entropy as a State Function

Consider an arbitrary process that moves between two specific states (A and B) in a cyclic manner. This process is reversible and broken down into smaller parts that each follow a Carnot cycle. A Carnot cycle has two isothermal (constant temperature) processes. During these processes, the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to their respective temperature remains constant. The other two processes in the Carnot cycle are also reversible but adiabatic, which means they occur without any heat...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

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This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
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Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Experimental demonstration of adaptive quantum state estimation.

Ryo Okamoto1, Minako Iefuji, Satoshi Oyama

  • 1Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan and The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|October 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study experimentally demonstrates adaptive quantum state estimation (AQSE) for single photons. Researchers verified AQSE

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Adaptive quantum state estimation (AQSE) offers theoretical advantages.
  • Mathematical proofs establish AQSE's strong consistency and asymptotic efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate adaptive quantum state estimation (AQSE).
  • To verify the strong consistency and asymptotic efficiency of AQSE in a real-world scenario.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing single photons to estimate the angle of linear polarization.
  • Employing AQSE to measure the phase parameter between right and left circularly polarized photons.

Main Results:

  • First experimental demonstration of AQSE achieved.
  • Experimental verification of AQSE's strong consistency and asymptotic efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • AQSE is experimentally validated as a robust estimation method.
  • AQSE presents a versatile tool for quantum information processing and metrology.