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Related Concept Videos

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...
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Shiga toxin-encoding genes (stx genes) in human faecal samples.

Anne Margrete Urdahl1, Heidi Tetlie Solheim, Line Vold

  • 1Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway. anne-margrete.urdahl@vetinst.no

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
|October 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Shiga toxin (stx) genes are common in Norwegian human faecal samples, found in both healthy individuals and those with gastrointestinal illness. This highlights the need for careful interpretation of diagnostic results for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are significant foodborne pathogens.
  • Detection of stx genes is crucial for identifying STEC presence.
  • Understanding the prevalence of stx genes in human populations is important for public health surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the distribution of stx genes in human faecal samples from volunteers and a hospital laboratory.
  • To isolate and characterize Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from stx-positive samples.
  • To assess the prevalence and implications of stx gene detection in a Norwegian population.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for stx genes in faecal samples.
  • Isolation of STEC and E. coli O157 using filter-hybridization and immunomagnetic separation.
  • Characterization of isolates by serotyping, virulence typing (PCR), and toxin production (Vero cell assay).

Main Results:

  • stx genes were detected in 13.9% of volunteer samples and 36.1% of hospital samples.
  • STEC were isolated from only two samples: one O146:H21 from a volunteer and one O157:H7 from a diarrheal case.
  • stx genes are frequently found in faecal samples from both asymptomatic and ill individuals in Norway.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of stx genes in human faecal samples is not uncommon in Norway.
  • This finding underscores the importance of appropriate diagnostic criteria for interpreting stx-positive results.
  • Accurate interpretation is vital when identifying potential etiological agents for human gastrointestinal illnesses.