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Related Concept Videos

Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

Adsorption Isotherms II

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...
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Adsorption Isotherms I

Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed molecules.Consider the...
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In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and solvents...
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Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...

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Taylor dispersion with adsorption and desorption.

Maximilien Levesque1, Olivier Bénichou, Raphaël Voituriez

  • 1UPMC Univ-Paris06 and CNRS, UMR 7195, PECSA, F-75005, Paris, France. maximilien.levesque@gmail.com

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 4, 2012
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Summary

Taylor dispersion is influenced by surface adsorption and desorption kinetics. This study develops a theory to calculate dispersion coefficients, enabling measurement of adsorption rates and molecular sorting via stochastic resonance.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Taylor dispersion describes the spreading of solutes in flowing fluids.
  • Surface interactions, like adsorption and desorption, can significantly alter solute transport.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for applications in microfluidics and separation science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of adsorption-desorption kinetics on Taylor dispersion.
  • To develop a general stochastic theory for Taylor dispersion with surface interactions.
  • To derive explicit dispersion coefficients for various flow geometries and velocity fields.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic approach to model particle transport.
  • Development of a general theoretical framework for dispersion.
  • Derivation of analytical solutions for Poiseuille flows (planar and cylindrical).
  • Analysis of both constant and sinusoidal velocity fields.

Main Results:

  • The study provides a quantitative description of how adsorption-desorption kinetics modify Taylor dispersion.
  • Explicit formulas for dispersion coefficients in different geometries are derived.
  • The theory demonstrates the influence of kinetic rates on the overall spreading behavior.
  • Stochastic resonance is identified as a phenomenon exploitable for molecular manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Adsorption and desorption kinetics are critical factors affecting Taylor dispersion.
  • The developed theory allows for the experimental determination of adsorption/desorption rate constants.
  • The findings suggest potential applications in molecular sorting and separation technologies.
  • Stochastic resonance offers a novel mechanism for controlling molecular transport in oscillatory flows.