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Updated: May 18, 2026

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
Published on: February 22, 2018
Fixed-energy sandpiles belong generically to directed percolation.
Mahashweta Basu1, Urna Basu, Sourish Bondyopadhyay
1TCMP Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
Fixed-energy sandpile models transition to absorbing states. Numerical studies suggest these models may not form an independent Manna universality class, possibly converging to directed percolation instead.
Area of Science:
- Statistical physics
- Complex systems
Background:
- Fixed-energy sandpiles with stochastic rules exhibit nonequilibrium phase transitions.
- Models like the conserved Manna model are believed to belong to the Manna universality class.
Purpose of the Study:
- To numerically investigate the critical behavior of selected (1+1)-dimensional sandpile models.
- To determine if these models belong to an independent Manna universality class or converge to directed percolation.
Main Methods:
- Numerical simulations of (1+1)-dimensional sandpile models.
- Analysis of critical behavior and convergence properties over long time scales.
Main Results:
- The critical behavior of the studied models converges towards directed percolation.
- Evidence suggests that an independent Manna universality class may not exist.
Conclusions:
- The Manna universality class might be an artifact of insufficient simulation time.
- Directed percolation may be the relevant universality class for these sandpile models.
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