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Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Base Excision Repair

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

[Vulvar basal cell carcinoma with destructive consequences].

Janine L Blok¹, Nathalie Reesink-Peters, Gilles F H Diercks

¹Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Afd. Dermatologie, Groningen, the Netherlands. j.l.blok@umcg.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|October 4, 2012

Summary

Untreated basal cell carcinoma can become giant, increasing metastasis risk. Giant basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) present higher morbidity and mortality rates, underscoring the need for timely diagnosis and treatment.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Oncology

Background:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent form of skin cancer.
Prognosis is generally favorable with high rates of successful surgical treatment.

Observation:

A case of an 80-year-old woman with a 'giant' vulvar basal cell carcinoma is presented.
The tumor caused extensive destruction of the anogenital anatomy.
Hematogenous metastases were suspected, precluding curative therapy.

Findings:

Basal cell carcinoma can develop into a 'giant' form if left untreated over extended periods.
'Giant' basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) exhibit a substantially elevated risk of metastasis compared to smaller tumors (<5 cm).
These large BCCs are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Implications:

This case highlights the critical importance of early detection and treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
Delayed treatment of BCC can lead to aggressive disease with poorer outcomes.
Awareness of 'giant' BCC risks is crucial for patient management and prognosis.