Clobazam : in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Clobazam, as with other benzodiazepines, has a long history of use in the treatment of epilepsy. More recently, it was approved in the USA as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients aged ≥2 years. In the pivotal, placebo-controlled CONTAIN trial in paediatric and adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (n = 217 evaluable), adjunctive therapy with clobazam 5-40 mg/day for 12 weeks significantly reduced mean weekly drop seizure rates from baseline compared with adjunctive placebo (primary endpoint), with a significant dosage-dependent improvement in these rates. Results from a dosage-ranging, double-blind, multi-centre, phase II trial add further support for the efficacy of clobazam in paediatric and adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (n = 61 evaluable). Improvements in mean weekly drop seizure rates with adjunctive clobazam treatment in these short-term trials was maintained in an ongoing, open-label extension study, with a 91.6 % reduction in mean weekly drop seizure rates from baseline (at randomization in the initial trials) to 24 months in the overall population. Treatment with adjunctive clobazam was generally well tolerated in these clinical trials and after at least 2 years of treatment in an open-label extension study. Most adverse events were mild or moderate and similar to those typically observed with other benzodiazepines.