[Carbonology: pharmacochemical aspect and research prospects]

The paper is devoted to the new direction of science - carbonology. Carbon is the base of organic compounds. Compounds of carbon with metals are known. The article gives a brief description of the three allotropic forms of carbon (soot, graphite, diamond), and various types of hybridization in organic structures, describes the role of biogenic carbon. At the end of the twentieth century new carbon nanostructures were discovered: fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Scientists all over the world study physical, chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of the allotropes of carbon structures, which are promising for nanochemistry, nanopharmacology and nanotoxicology. The main characteristics of fullerenes are the high electrical conductivity, antiviral, antioxidant properties and possible use for targeted drug delivery. Carbon nanotubes have strong adsorption properties, high electrical conductivity, strength, are used for targeted drug delivery and the production of biosensors. In order to introduce carbon nanoparticles in the practical medicine it is necessary to intensify research to biosafety.