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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

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Published on: November 14, 2018

Increasing parity is associated with cumulative effects on memory.

Laura M Glynn¹

¹Crean School of Health and Life Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA. lglynn@chapman.edu

Journal of Women'S Health (2002)

|October 6, 2012

Summary

Reproductive experience negatively impacts memory, with effects worsening with each pregnancy. These cognitive changes during and after pregnancy appear to be cumulative and lasting.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Reproductive Health

Background:

Reproduction's impact on brain structure and function is known in animal models.
Limited understanding exists regarding reproductive experience's influence on the human female brain.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cumulative effects of reproductive experience on human memory performance.
To determine if these memory effects persist into the postpartum period.

Main Methods:

Assessed verbal recall memory in 254 women across four pregnancy points and 3 months postpartum.
Utilized hierarchical linear modeling and ANCOVA to analyze parity's relation to memory function.

Main Results:

Adverse pregnancy-related memory effects are compounded with successive pregnancies.

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Multiparity correlated with poorer memory function during gestation and postpartum.

No significant influence from maternal demographics, depressive symptoms, or sleep quality was found.

Conclusions:

Human reproduction is linked to significant and potentially enduring changes in cognitive function.
Findings suggest cumulative and persistent effects of reproduction on human memory.