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Updated: May 18, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Sarcoma risk after radiation exposure.

Amy Berrington de Gonzalez¹, Alina Kutsenko, Preetha Rajaraman

¹Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, NCI/NIH, 6120 Executive Boulevard (Rm 7034), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. berringtona@mail.nih.gov.

Clinical Sarcoma Research

|October 6, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ionizing radiation exposure increases the risk of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, especially in children. New evidence suggests even lower doses can induce sarcomas, highlighting the need to limit unnecessary radiation exposure.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiation Oncology
Genetics

Background:

Sarcomas are linked to ionizing radiation exposure.
Evidence for radiation-induced sarcomas is strongest for high-dose exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current evidence on the relationship between ionizing radiation dose and sarcoma risk.
To examine risk across different age groups and radiation dose levels.

Main Methods:

Review of studies with individual radiation dose estimates.
Analysis of data from cancer registries and treatment studies.
Inclusion of findings from Japanese atomic bomb survivor studies.

Main Results:

Clear evidence of increased bone and soft tissue sarcoma risk after high-dose fractionated radiation (10+ Gy) in childhood, with risk increasing linearly up to 40 Gy.
Increased sarcoma risk also observed in adults after high-dose fractionated radiotherapy.
New findings suggest sarcomas can be induced by acute lower radiation doses (<5 Gy) at any age, with risks similar to other solid cancers.

Conclusions:

Radiation exposure is an established risk factor for sarcomas.
Children face the highest risk of radiation-related sarcomas.
Limiting unnecessary high-dose radiation exposure, particularly in children, is crucial due to high fatality rates.