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Sustained and selective attention in children with learning disabilities.

G P Richards1, S J Samuels, J E Turnure

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415.

Journal of Learning Disabilities
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Students with learning disabilities (LD) show similar sustained attention but struggle with selective attention compared to peers. This indicates challenges in focusing and slower information processing in children with LD.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Learning disabilities (LD) can impact various cognitive functions, including attention.
  • Understanding attentional differences is crucial for effective educational interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sustained and selective attention in students with learning disabilities (LD) and their peers.
  • To investigate the impact of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on attentional performance in students with LD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continuous performance test (CPT) to assess sustained attention and impulsivity.
  • Employed a selective attention task with varying distractor and facilitator conditions.
  • Grouped participants based on teacher ratings for ADHD to analyze subgroup differences.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences in sustained attention or response inhibition were found between students with LD and controls on the CPT.
  • Students with LD exhibited deficits in selective attention, particularly when distractors were close to the target.
  • Students with LD demonstrated slower information processing speeds compared to controls.
  • Students with ADHD, regardless of LD status, showed more errors on selective attention tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Students with LD may have difficulties narrowing their attentional focus, impacting selective attention abilities.
  • Slower information processing is a characteristic of students with LD.
  • The presence of ADHD exacerbates selective attention difficulties in students with LD.