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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control01:27

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Published on: June 8, 2018

Fully-tunable microwave photonic filter with complex coefficients using tunable delay lines based on frequency-time

Arash Mokhtari1, Stefan Preußler, Kambiz Jamshidi

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, PO Box 11155-93632010, Tehran, Iran. amokhtari@ee.sharif.edu

Optics Express
|October 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study presents an electrically tunable microwave photonic filter using frequency-time conversion delay lines. The filter

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Microwave Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Microwave photonic filters are crucial for modern communication systems.
  • Electrical tunability offers advantages in flexibility and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a fully electrically tunable microwave photonic filter.
  • To explore frequency-time conversion for filter engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of delay lines based on frequency-time conversion.
  • Electrical tuning of delay lines to engineer filter response.
  • Integration on a silicon photonic platform.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 2-tap tunable microwave photonic filter.
  • Demonstrated a 3-dB bandwidth of 2.55 GHz.
  • Obtained a free spectral range (FSR) of 4.016 GHz with a tuning range of -354 MHz to 354 MHz.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method enables precise electrical control over microwave photonic filter characteristics.
  • The frequency-time conversion approach is suitable for silicon photonic integration.
  • This technology offers a versatile solution for tunable filtering applications.