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Related Concept Videos

Lossless Lines01:23

Lossless Lines

In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

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At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
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Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes01:25

Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes

Understanding fluid flow behavior through pipes is critical in fluid mechanics, especially in applications like oil transportation through pipelines. Hagen-Poiseuille's law provides an exact solution derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, incompressible, and laminar flow within a circular pipe. Hagen-Poiseuille's law helps determine the necessary pressure drop across a pipeline section by determining parameters like pipe length, radius, oil viscosity, and the desired volumetric...
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Minor Losses in Pipes

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Published on: November 30, 2012

A general design algorithm for low optical loss adiabatic connections in waveguides.

Tong Chen1, Hansuek Lee, Jiang Li

  • 1TJ Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Optics Express
|October 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new variational method to design adiabatic waveguide connections that minimize unwanted higher-order mode coupling. This approach achieves low insertion loss for single-mode waveguide systems, even with fabrication imperfections.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Waveguide Design
  • Optical Engineering
  • Applied Physics

Background:

  • Single-mode waveguides often unintentionally support higher-order transverse modes due to fabrication limitations.
  • Minimizing coupling to these higher-order modes is crucial for maintaining single-mode behavior in optical systems.
  • Existing methods may require high fabrication precision or offer limited broadband performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a variational approach for designing adiabatic waveguide connections.
  • To minimize intermodal coupling in waveguide transitions.
  • To achieve low insertion loss and broadband performance in waveguide designs.

Main Methods:

  • A variational method is employed to design adiabatic waveguide connections.
  • The algorithm focuses on minimizing coupling between different transverse modes.
  • The method is applied to design an "S-bend" for a whispering-gallery spiral waveguide.

Main Results:

  • The proposed algorithm successfully designed an "S-bend" with approximately 0.05 dB insertion loss.
  • The method requires less fabrication resolution compared to other approaches.
  • Transition loss is minimized over a broadband spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The variational approach provides an effective way to design adiabatic waveguide connections with minimal intermodal coupling.
  • This method offers advantages in fabrication tolerance and broadband performance.
  • The technique is versatile and applicable to various waveguide turns and connections, including those with arbitrary boundary conditions.