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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Cranial dermal sinus: presentation, complications and management.

Soheil Naderi1, Farideh Nejat, Shima Shahjouei

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-7854, Iran.

Pediatric Neurosurgery
|October 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cranial dermal sinuses are rare midline occipital anomalies. Prophylactic surgery is recommended for all cases due to the high risk of serious infections like meningitis and abscesses.

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Published on: July 5, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Cranial dermal sinus is a rare anomaly predominantly in the occipital midline.
  • It can range from asymptomatic to severe conditions like meningitis, dermoid tumors, or abscesses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical presentations and outcomes of cranial dermal sinuses in children.
  • To determine the necessity and optimal timing for surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 18 pediatric patients with 19 cranial dermal sinuses.
  • Evaluation of patient records for presentations, anomalies, and radiological/surgical findings.

Main Results:

  • Most sinuses were in the occipital midline; infection was the primary referral reason (50%).
  • Serious complications including posterior fossa abscess (38.9%), hydrocephalus (38.9%), and meningitis (22.2%) were frequent.
  • En bloc removal of sinus tracts with tumors or abscesses was performed.

Conclusions:

  • Cranial dermal sinuses serve as a pathway for pathogens, leading to severe complications.
  • 67% of patients presented with serious symptoms, supporting prophylactic surgery.
  • Prophylactic surgery is recommended for asymptomatic cases, and urgent surgery for symptomatic ones.