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Updated: May 18, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
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High speed, high power one-dimensional beam steering from a 6-element optical phased array.

W Ronny Huang1, Juan Montoya, Jan E Kansky

  • 1Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA. we21748@mit.edu

Optics Express
|October 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

High-speed beam steering was achieved using a 6-element optical phased array and coherent beam combining (CBC). This method demonstrated 40 MHz steering speeds and 396 mW power, maintaining high intensity via phase-locking.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Semiconductor Lasers
  • Beam Steering Technology

Background:

  • Optical phased arrays are crucial for applications requiring precise beam manipulation.
  • Achieving high-speed and high-power beam steering simultaneously presents significant technical challenges.
  • Coherent beam combining (CBC) offers a pathway to enhance power and control in optical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate high-speed and high-power beam steering using a 6-element optical phased array.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of coherent beam combining (CBC) techniques for beam steering.
  • To explore the scalability of the demonstrated system for future applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration with semiconductor slab-coupled-optical-waveguide-amplifiers (SCOWAs).

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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  • Employed LiNbO(3) phase modulators for beam steering and current adjustment of SCOWAs for phase-locking.
  • Implemented a stochastic-parallel-gradient-descent (SPGD) algorithm for maintaining high on-axis intensity through phase-locking.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a beam steering speed of 40 MHz with a total output power of 396 mW.
    • Measured a central lobe Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of 565 μrad.
    • Successfully maintained high on-axis intensity by periodically phase-locking the array.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated 6-element optical phased array successfully achieved high-speed (40 MHz) and high-power (396 mW) beam steering using CBC.
    • The system's ability to maintain phase-locking and high on-axis intensity is critical for practical applications.
    • The technology is scalable to GHz steering speeds and multiwatt power levels, indicating significant future potential.