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Compact x-ray microscope for the water window based on a high brightness laser plasma source.

H Legall1, G Blobel, H Stiel

  • 1Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Str. 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. legall@mbi-berlin.de

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and photonics
  • Biomedical imaging
  • Laser-driven X-ray microscopy

Background:

  • Traditional X-ray microscopy faces limitations in resolution and speed.
  • The water window (2.4-4.4 nm) is crucial for imaging biological specimens in their native state.
  • High-brightness X-ray sources are needed for efficient microscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a laser plasma-based X-ray microscope for the water window.
  • To achieve high photon flux and resolution for biological imaging applications.
  • To reduce exposure times for faster microscopic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-average power laser system for plasma generation.
  • Employed nitrogen Lyα line emission at 2.478 nm as the X-ray source.
  • Used multilayer condenser optics to focus X-rays onto the sample.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a brightness of 7.4 x 10^11 photons/(s x sr x μm^2) at 90 W laser power.
  • Obtained 10^6 photons/(μm^2 x s) in the object plane with 0.3% reflectivity condenser.
  • Resolved 40 nm lines with a 60-second exposure time at 60 W laser power.

Conclusions:

  • The developed laser plasma X-ray microscope offers high performance for water window imaging.
  • Potential for further improvement in speed (20 s exposure) with enhanced optics and higher laser power (130 W).
  • This technology advances high-resolution, rapid X-ray microscopy for biological sciences.