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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Reovirus: a targeted therapeutic--progress and potential.

Radhashree Maitra1, Mohammad H Ghalib, Sanjay Goel

  • 1Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. sgoel@montefiore.org

Molecular Cancer Research : MCR
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PubMed
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Reovirus, a novel therapeutic agent, shows promise in targeting cancer cells with specific genetic mutations. This double-stranded RNA virus is advancing to Phase III trials for head and neck cancers, demonstrating a good safety profile.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer therapy requires novel drugs with improved safety and efficacy.
  • Reovirus, a double-stranded RNA virus, targets cancer cells with aberrant signaling pathways.
  • Reovirus has progressed to Phase III trials for platinum-refractory metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of reovirus as an anticancer agent.
  • To investigate the safety and efficacy of reovirus in combination with chemotherapy and radiation.
  • To explore the role of the Kras pathway in reovirus's anticancer activity.

Main Methods:

  • Preclinical validation of anticancer activity.
  • Phase III registration study in head and neck cancer.
  • Combination therapy studies with gemcitabine, carboplatin/paclitaxel, docetaxel, and radiation.

Main Results:

  • Reovirus demonstrates safety as a single agent and in combination therapies.
  • Reovirus preferentially replicates in and lyses cancer cells with an activated Kras pathway.
  • Kras mutations are highly prevalent in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Reovirus is a promising therapeutic agent for malignancy.
  • Reovirus has potential as a tool to understand carcinogenicity.
  • Further research into reovirus's mechanism and efficacy is warranted.