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Updated: May 18, 2026

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
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Antarctic ice core samples: culturable bacterial diversity.

Sisinthy Shivaji1, Zareena Begum, Singireesu Soma Shiva Nageswara Rao

  • 1Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. shivas@ccmb.res.in

Research in Microbiology
|October 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Culturable bacteria were recovered from Antarctic ice, revealing 25 distinct types. These microbes exhibited diverse physiological traits, highlighting microbial adaptability in extreme environments.

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Published on: September 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Glaciology
  • Antarctic Research

Background:

  • Ice cores preserve ancient microbial life, offering insights into past ecosystems.
  • Antarctic ice sheets harbor unique microbial communities adapted to extreme cold and oligotrophic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize culturable bacteria within an Antarctic ice core.
  • To investigate the diversity and physiological properties of ice-associated microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bacterial abundance and isolation from 11 depths of a 50.26 m Antarctic ice core.
  • Identification of bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, classifying them into phylotypes.
  • Assessment of physiological characteristics including temperature range, salt tolerance, pH range, and extracellular enzyme production.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial abundance ranged from 0.02 to 5.8 × 10^3 CFU ml^-1.
  • 138 bacterial strains were identified as 25 distinct phylotypes across four phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria.
  • No correlation was found between isolate distribution and depth; however, phylotypes showed variation in temperature, salinity, pH tolerance, and enzyme production.

Conclusions:

  • Antarctic ice cores harbor diverse culturable bacterial communities with varied physiological adaptations.
  • The study provides a baseline for understanding microbial life in glacial ice and its potential ecological roles.