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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Epigenetics in inflammatory bowel disease.

Andreas C Jenke1, Matthias Zilbauer

  • 1Department of Neonatology, HELIOS Children's Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|October 9, 2012
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Epigenetics, the study of gene expression changes without altering DNA sequence, plays a key role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) pathogenesis. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms offers promising avenues for IBD research and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), are increasingly understood to involve epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Epigenetic regulation influences gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize fundamental epigenetic principles.
  • To evaluate the relevance of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
  • To review recent epigenetic studies in IBD, identify challenges, and highlight future research opportunities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic principles.
  • Analysis of recent IBD-related epigenetic research findings.
  • Discussion of challenges and opportunities in IBD epigenetics.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in the pathogenesis of various immune-mediated diseases.
  • Epigenetics may explain how environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and gut microbiota influence IBD development.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential for understanding complex immune-mediated diseases like IBD.
  • Well-designed epigenetic studies are essential to fully realize the potential of this research area for IBD.
  • Epigenetic research may offer a unifying molecular explanation for IBD pathogenesis.