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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes

Published on: October 20, 2023

Heparan sulfate biosynthesis: regulation and variability.

Johan Kreuger¹, Lena Kjellén

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Johan.Kreuger@imbim.uu.se

The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society

|October 9, 2012

Summary

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate cell signaling by binding proteins. Understanding how heparan sulfate (HS) chain biosynthesis is controlled is crucial for deciphering HSPG functions.

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In Vivo Detection and Analysis of Rb Protein SUMOylation in Human Cells

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Published on: November 2, 2017

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are cell surface molecules present on nearly all vertebrate cells.
HSPGs bind secreted signaling proteins, influencing their distribution and biological activity.
The heparan sulfate (HS) chains on HSPGs exhibit variability in length and sulfation patterns, which dictate ligand interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis and its regulation.
To highlight research gaps and areas requiring further investigation to understand HS biosynthesis regulation in various biological contexts.

Main Methods:

This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
It focuses on the regulatory mechanisms governing HS biosynthesis.

Main Results:

The sulfation pattern of HS chains is a critical determinant of ligand binding affinity and specificity.
Regulation of HS biosynthesis is complex and context-dependent, impacting cellular signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

Clarifying the regulation of HS biosynthesis is essential for a comprehensive understanding of HSPG function.
Further research is needed to elucidate the intricacies of the HS biosynthetic machinery and its control.