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Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
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Updated: May 18, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Estrogen and cancer.

Jing Liang¹, Yongfeng Shang

¹Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. yshang@tmu.edu.cn

Annual Review of Physiology

|October 10, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogen is vital for many bodily functions but prolonged exposure to external estrogen increases cancer risk. Understanding estrogen signaling is key to improving antiestrogen therapies for cancer treatment.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Molecular Biology
Oncology

Background:

Estrogen plays crucial roles in reproduction, bone health, brain function, and metabolism.
While endogenous estrogen is beneficial, exogenous estrogen exposure is linked to increased cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the molecular mechanisms of estrogen signaling in normal and cancerous cells.
To discuss challenges in current antiestrogen therapies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
Analysis of estrogen signaling pathways.
Discussion of therapeutic challenges.

Main Results:

Estrogen signaling pathways are complex, involving both genomic and non-genomic actions.
Dysregulation of estrogen signaling is implicated in various cancers.
Existing antiestrogen therapies face challenges like resistance and side effects.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of estrogen signaling is essential for developing effective cancer treatments.
Addressing the challenges in antiestrogen therapies is critical for improving patient outcomes.