Comparison of contact and free beam laser endarterectomy

Free beam laser endarterectomy (LE) and contact laser endarterectomy (CLE) were compared in 15 arteriosclerotic New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits underwent balloon catheter trauma to the thoracoabdominal aorta and were fed a 2% cholesterol diet for 18 weeks. Thoracoabdominal exploration was performed under general anesthesia and multiple endarterectomies were performed in each rabbit. Atheromas were dissected from arteries with laser radiation and end points were welded in place with laser radiation. LEs (N = 8) were performed with argon ion radiation delivered through a 400 microns fiberoptic. Power was kept constant at 1 W and the average fluence was 97.5 +/- 6.6 J/cm2. CLEs were performed with conical sapphire probes powered by either argon ion radiation (N = 12) or Nd-YAG radiation (N = 10). Power used was 1 W to 4 W for each laser. Average argon ion fluence was 117.8 +/- 3.1 J/cm2 and average Nd-YAG fluence was 611.1 +/- 34.4 J/cm2. Following the operations, aortas were removed, fixed, serially sectioned, and stained. Microscopic study revealed welded end points with LE but not with CLE. There were no perforations with LE. There were 11/12 perforations with argon ion CLE and 8/10 perforations with Nd-YAG CLE. Free beam laser endarterectomy is superior to contact laser endarterectomy for experimental atheromas.