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Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

Published on: August 24, 2019

Primary tuberculous appendicitis presented with caecal perforation: a case report.

T P Elamurugan¹, M Sivashanker, Suresh S Kumar

¹Department and Institution/Department of surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine

|October 10, 2012

Summary

Primary appendicular tuberculosis is a rare condition, often presenting with non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis typically requires histopathology, even in cases of caecal perforation.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

Published on: August 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Infectious Diseases
Pathology

Background:

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) comprises 3% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.
The ileocaecal region is the most common site for GITB, affecting up to 75% of patients.
Primary appendicular tuberculosis is exceptionally rare, accounting for only 0.6%–2.9% of GITB cases without other tubercular foci.

Observation:

Pre-operative investigations for suspected appendicitis often yield non-specific results.
This case involved a patient presenting with caecal perforation, initially mimicking common appendicitis.
The rarity of primary appendicular tuberculosis makes pre-operative diagnosis challenging.

Findings:

Histopathology confirmed primary tuberculosis of the appendix as the cause of caecal perforation.
The absence of a distant tubercular focus highlights the primary nature of the appendicular involvement.
Appendicular tuberculosis can present as a surgical emergency with perforation.

Implications:

Highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses like appendicular tuberculosis in endemic areas, especially with atypical presentations.
Emphasizes the diagnostic limitations of pre-operative imaging and laboratory tests for this condition.
Underscores the critical role of histopathological examination for definitive diagnosis and appropriate management of gastrointestinal tuberculosis.