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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology

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A temporary decrease in mineral density in perinatal mouse long bones.

A Sharir¹, J Milgram, G Dubnov-Raz

¹The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

|October 10, 2012

Summary

Bone density temporarily decreases after birth due to endosteal bone resorption, impacting bone stiffness. This study reveals the mechanism behind this perinatal bone development phenomenon in mice.

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Area of Science:

Biomineralization
Skeletal Biology
Perinatal Development

Background:

Human fetal and postnatal bone development typically shows increasing mineral density.
A temporary decrease in long bone mineral density is observed in infants post-birth.
The mechanisms, causes, and consequences of this perinatal density decrease are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phenomenon of temporary tissue mineral density (TMD) decrease in murine long bones during perinatal development.
To identify the underlying mechanisms and causes of this perinatal TMD decrease.
To assess the consequences of this density fluctuation on bone properties.

Main Methods:

Utilized daily micro-computed tomography (μCT) scans of murine femora and tibiae.
Monitored spatial and temporal structural changes during normal growth.
Examined a mouse model with non-functional osteoclasts (Src-null mice).
Performed mechanical testing on bones.
Administered a progestational agent to pregnant mice to rule out parturition effects.

Main Results:

Confirmed a temporary decrease in tissue mineral density (TMD) in murine femora and tibiae during the perinatal period.
Identified endosteal bone resorption as the primary cause of the perinatal TMD decrease.
Demonstrated a correlation between the temporary decrease in TMD and reduced bone stiffness.
Showed that parturition itself is not the cause of the TMD decrease.

Conclusions:

Endosteal bone resorption is the main driver of the temporary decrease in bone mineral density observed during the perinatal period in mice.
This perinatal decrease in bone density leads to reduced bone stiffness, with potential implications for skeletal fragility.
The study provides a detailed understanding of perinatal long bone development, including the functional significance of density fluctuations.