Total ankle replacement: a historical perspective

In the early 1970s, total ankle replacement was criticized because of poor outcomes with initial implant designs. Modifications were made that lead to the development of several generations of implants. The early shortcomings gave researchers and surgeons the impetus to improve implant designs and surgical technique. Total ankle replacement has become more widely accepted in recent years because of improved design and survivorship rates for the implants, as well as improved patient satisfaction scores. Indications for total ankle replacement have broadened. To continue these successes, it is important for surgeons to select appropriate patients for this procedure.