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Related Concept Videos

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Methods of Medium Optimization01:28

Methods of Medium Optimization

Optimizing growth media enhances microbial proliferation and maximizes product yield. Statistical experimental design methodologies provide structured and reproducible approaches, offering progressively higher levels of robustness and efficiency.The One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) MethodThe One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method involves adjusting a single variable while keeping all others constant. However, it cannot detect interactions between variables, often leading to suboptimal outcomes when...
Power Factor Correction01:20

Power Factor Correction

The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
Column Efficiency: Rate Theory01:12

Column Efficiency: Rate Theory

The rate theory of chromatography provides quantitative insight into the shapes and widths of elution bands. These bands are based on the random-walk mechanism governing molecular migration within a column. The Gaussian profile of chromatographic bands arises from the cumulative effect of random molecular motions as they progress through the column.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Optimization of the peak capacity per unit time.

Fabrice Gritti1, Georges Guiochon

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1600, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|October 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chromatographic productivity was optimized for various sample types using core-shell columns. Maximum peak capacities per unit time were achieved at maximum flow rates, but higher productivity is possible with advanced instrumentation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Core-shell particles offer improved chromatographic performance.
  • Optimizing chromatographic productivity (peak capacity per unit time) is crucial for efficient analysis.
  • Understanding the interplay between column parameters, flow rate, and gradient steepness is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate and optimize the peak capacity per unit time for different sample mixtures.
  • To investigate the performance of 4.6 mm I.D. core-shell columns with varying sample types.
  • To determine the optimal conditions for maximizing separation productivity.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of peak capacity per unit time based on column permeabilities and van Deemter curves.
  • Analysis of small molecules, peptides, and protein mixtures on core-shell particle packed columns.
  • 3D plotting of peak capacity as a function of gradient steepness, column length, inlet pressure, and temperature.

Main Results:

  • Maximum peak capacities per unit time achieved were 103 min⁻¹ (small molecules), 111 min⁻¹ (peptides), 63 min⁻¹ (small proteins), and 22 min⁻¹ (large proteins) at 5 mL/min.
  • Optimal conditions involved shortest columns, maximum flow rate, and calculated optimum gradient steepness.
  • Significantly higher peak capacities (up to 256 min⁻¹ for small molecules) are achievable with higher flow rates (15 mL/min) and advanced instrumentation.

Conclusions:

  • Current UPLC instruments operating at 5 mL/min limit the separation productivity of core-shell columns.
  • Future advancements in instrumentation enabling higher flow rates and faster data acquisition are essential for realizing the full potential of these columns.
  • Optimized conditions, including higher flow rates and specific gradient profiles, can dramatically enhance chromatographic separation efficiency.