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Related Concept Videos

Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Exploring epiallele stability in a population-epigenetic model.

Jemma L Geoghegan1, Hamish G Spencer

  • 1National Research Centre for Growth & Development, Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. jemma.geoghegan@gmail.com

Theoretical Population Biology
|October 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic resetting and environmental frequency maintain phenotypic variation in genetically identical individuals. Understanding epigenetic inheritance is crucial for evolutionary theory, requiring accurate resetting rate measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Genetically identical individuals can exhibit diverse phenotypes due to transgenerational epigenetic stability differences.
  • Non-genomic phenotypic variation arises from epigenetic modifications influenced by environmental stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model non-genomic phenotypic variation in populations across two distinct environments.
  • To explore the dynamics of multiple epiallelic states under selection with varying epigenetic resetting levels.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a population-epigenetic model incorporating environmental induction and epigenetic resetting.
  • Analyzed the impact of epigenetic resetting rates and environmental frequencies on epiallelic state dynamics.
  • Identified parameter spaces supporting multiple stable equilibria.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic resetting and environmental frequency are critical parameters influencing phenotypic variation.
  • Both environmental induction and epigenetic resetting prevent epigenetic fixation, maintaining variation.
  • Low levels of epigenetically-maintained variation occur unless both environments are common.

Conclusions:

  • Non-genomic phenotypic diversity should be considered distinct epiallelic variants within evolutionary theory.
  • Accurate measurement of epigenetic resetting rates over generations is vital for understanding epigenetic inheritance.
  • The study highlights the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in driving evolutionary diversity.