Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026
Detection of CD40 Protein-Umbelliferone Interaction via Differential Scanning Fluorescence
Published on: March 1, 2024
Detection of covalent binding
Abstract:
Immunochemical detection of xenobiotics covalently bound to cellular proteins can provide information about toxic mechanism and is more specific than the alternative radiochemical studies. Both immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods are used to pinpoint the target protein(s) and to identify the tissue targets. Also included in this unit are protocols for synthesizing artificial antigens, immunizing suitable host species, and using noncompetitive and competitive ELISA assays to characterize the antibodies produced.
Related Concept Videos
02:35Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
02:35Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
01:29Covalent Bonds
01:08Covalent Bonds
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.
02:18The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength
02:18The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength