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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Assays for DNA damage.

J E Sutherland¹, M Costa

¹New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Current Protocols in Toxicology

|October 10, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details methods for detecting DNA damage, such as strand breaks and crosslinks, and DNA repair activity after exposure to genotoxic agents. Assays include comet assay and DNA synthesis measurement for comprehensive genotoxicity assessment.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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A High-Throughput Comet Assay Approach for Assessing Cellular DNA Damage

A High-Throughput Comet Assay Approach for Assessing Cellular DNA Damage

Published on: May 10, 2022

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genotoxicology
Biochemistry

Background:

Genotoxic agents can cause various forms of DNA damage.
Assessing DNA damage and repair is crucial for understanding cellular responses to genotoxins.
Existing methods may have limitations in sensitivity or scope.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a suite of assays for detecting DNA damage.
To evaluate DNA repair activity following genotoxic insult.
To provide a comprehensive toolkit for genotoxicity testing.

Main Methods:

Single-cell electrophoresis (comet assay) for detecting DNA strand breaks.
Filter elution and K-SDS precipitation for assessing DNA crosslinking.
Measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) to quantify DNA repair.

Main Results:

The described assays effectively detect different types of DNA damage, including strand breaks and DNA/protein crosslinks.
The methods allow for the quantification of DNA repair activity.
This unit provides a standardized approach to genotoxicity assessment.

Conclusions:

A versatile set of assays is available for evaluating DNA damage and repair.
These methods are valuable for research involving genotoxic agents.
The described techniques contribute to a better understanding of DNA damage response pathways.