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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: May 17, 2026

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

Immune cell phenotyping using flow cytometry.

Julie A Oughton¹, Nancy I Kerkvliet

¹Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.

Current Protocols in Toxicology

|October 10, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry helps detect chemical-induced immunotoxicity in lymphoid tissues. This guide details methods for cell staining, analysis, and data interpretation for accurate assessment.

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Area of Science:

Immunotoxicology
Cellular Immunology
Flow Cytometry

Background:

Immunophenotyping of lymphoid tissues like spleen and thymus is a long-standing method in immunotoxicology.
It is part of a tiered screening approach to identify immunotoxicity from chemical exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe basic procedures for immunofluorescent antibody staining of lymphoid cells.
To provide guidance on cell fixation, dead cell exclusion, and antibody/fluorochrome selection.

Main Methods:

Direct and indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining of surface proteins on lymphoid cells.
Protocols for cell fixation and resolution of dead cells.
Standardization of flow cytometric analysis, including antibody titration, fluorochrome choice, isotype controls, and compensation.

Main Results:

Detailed procedures for immunophenotyping lymphoid tissues and blood cells are presented.
Guidance on critical parameters for reliable flow cytometric analysis is provided.
Information on data analysis and statistical considerations is included.

Conclusions:

This unit offers a comprehensive guide to immunophenotyping for immunotoxicology assessment.
The described methods facilitate the detection of chemical-induced immunotoxicity.
Standardized protocols ensure reliable and reproducible results in flow cytometric analysis.