Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between Body Fat composition and serum branched chain amino acids in patients with visceral obesity.

BMC endocrine disorders·2026
Same author

Profound immune suppression and exhaustion characterize refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Fibroblast Mitochondrial Ca2+ Overload Drives Skin Fibrosis via mtDNA Leakage and cGAS-STING Activation in Systemic Sclerosis.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Development of nano-micro composite Xiaochaihu decoction granules for enhanced antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Analytical biochemistry·2026
Same author

Leveraging Framework Dynamics: Solvent-Triggered Breathing in MOFs for Enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> Photoreduction.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Exploring chronic pain: demographic and social determinants of health insights in Maine.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

Host resistance model to an intracellular pathogen.

Ling Cao1

  • 1Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.

Current Protocols in Toxicology
|October 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details a mouse model using Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection to assess host resistance and immunotoxicology. It provides methods for infection, sickness behavior monitoring, bacterial enumeration, and cytokine analysis for immune response evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium.
  • LM infection in mice serves as a model for studying host resistance.
  • Immunotoxicological studies benefit from standardized infection models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a mouse model for determining host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes.
  • To detail procedures for LM infection, sample analysis, and immune response assessment.
  • To highlight the model's utility in immunotoxicological research and environmental factor impact studies.

Main Methods:

  • Infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes.
  • Monitoring of sickness behaviors in infected mice.

More Related Videos

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
13:54

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria

Published on: April 2, 2013

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
13:54

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria

Published on: April 2, 2013

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

  • Quantification of viable LM in tissues and assessment of cytokines in serum and homogenates.

    • Main Results:

    • The described model allows for comprehensive analysis of host response to LM infection.
    • Procedures include infection, behavioral observation, bacterial load determination, and cytokine profiling.
    • The model is effective for screening environmental factor effects on innate and cell-mediated immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • The Listeria monocytogenes mouse model is a valuable tool for immunotoxicological studies.
    • It facilitates the initial screening of immunomodulatory effects of environmental factors.
    • The model aids in investigating mechanisms underlying environmentally induced immune changes.