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Cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics: hearing loss and its prevention

Jochen Schacht1, Andra E Talaska, Leonard P Rybak

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5616, USA. schacht@umich.edu

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|October 10, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin chemotherapy cause inner ear damage, leading to hearing loss by triggering oxidative stress and cell death. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to protective pharmaceutical strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Ototoxicity research
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin chemotherapy are clinically important drugs with ototoxic potential.
  • Both drug classes can induce sensorineural hearing loss, primarily affecting cochlear outer hair cells.
  • Aminoglycosides may also impact the vestibular system, whereas cisplatin has a lower likelihood of doing so.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathology of aminoglycoside and cisplatin ototoxicity.
  • To discuss the role of oxidative stress in inner ear cell damage.
  • To delineate cell death pathways and explore pharmaceutical protection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aminoglycoside and cisplatin ototoxicity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving oxidative stress and cell death pathways in the inner ear.
  • Exploration of potential pharmaceutical interventions for cochlear protection.

Main Results:

  • Oxidative stress is identified as a key trigger for ototoxicity in the inner ear.
  • Specific cell death pathways are delineated following drug-induced damage.
  • Outer hair cell damage in the basal cochlea is a primary manifestation of hearing loss.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of ototoxicity is crucial for developing protective therapies.
  • Pharmaceutical strategies targeting oxidative stress and cell death pathways show promise for preventing cisplatin and aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.

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